All About Artemia

Artemia is a zooplankton classified into the phylum Arthropoda and class Crustacea. The complete systemic artemia can be explained as follows.

Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Crustaceans
Subclass : Branchiophoda
Order: Anostraca
Family: Artemiidae
Genus: Artemia
Species: Artemia salina linn.

Name Artemia sp. given for the first time by Schlosser who found it in a salty lake in 1755. Then by Linnaeus (1758) complete the remik name Artemia salina. because of its tolerance to very high salinity. In addition to the species Artemia salina, there are several species that are given names for zygogeneric strains, that is, when the population is mixed between female and male species. These names include Artemia Tunisia. Artemia franciscana, Artemia fersimilis, Artemia urmiana, and Artemia monica. However, the name Artemia salina or abbreviated as Artemia is still commonly used.

There is also an artemia population which only consists of female individuals. This strain of artemia is known as parthenogenetic because it reproduces without going through marriage, but female artemia immediately becomes pregnant. For this strain, only the genus name Artemia is used. This is intended to avoid confusion in the use of the term. Thus, the use of the term artemia does not pay attention to the sex of a population. Until now, more than 50 strains of artemia have been known. Some of the famous ones are San Francisco Bay, Sack Bay Australia, Chapin Canada, Macao, Great Salt Lake, Algues Masters France, China, and the Philippines. In principle, the difference between one strain and another lies in its hatchability, size of nauplius, resistance to the environment, as well as optimal temperature and salinity requirements. developed with satisfactory results. The treatment is for example in the form of hibernation (cooling) and dissolving into liquid peroxide.

Morphology

Cyst Artemia sp. hatched at 15-35 ppt salinity will hatch within 24-36 hours. Newly hatched artemia larvae are known as nauplius. Nauplius in its growth undergoes 15 changes in shape, each change is one level called an instar (Pitoyo, 2004). The first time the Artemia larva hatches is called Instar I. Nauplius stadia I (Instar I) is 400 microns in size, 170 microns in width and weighs 15 microngrams, brownish orange in color. After 24 hours of hatching, the naupli will turn into Instar II, Gnatobasen is already hairy, has a mouth, has a digestive tract and an anus. The next level, on the right and left of the nauplius eye, a pair of compound eyes are formed. The side of the body began to grow leg shoots, after the XV instar the legs were complete as many as 11 pairs. Nauplius becomes adult artemia (I-XV instar process) between 1-3 weeks (Mukti, 2004). Artemia eggs are dried or cysts are round and concave, brown, 200-300 microns in diameter and contain an inactive embryo. Nauplius artemia has three pairs of limbs, namely antenna I which functions as a sensor device, antenna II functions as a means of motion or feed filter and the lower jaw is not perfect. On the head between the two antennae there is a red spot (ocellus) which functions as the eye of the nauplius. Adult Artemia measuring 1-2 cm with a pair of compound eyes and 11 pairs of thoracopods. Each thoracopod has exopods, endopods and epipodites, each of which functions as a foraging, swimming and breathing apparatus. In males, the antennae II develop into pincers and on the back of the abdomen there is a pair of penises. In females, the antennae serve as sensors and on both sides of the digestive tract there are a pair of ovaries. The ripe eggs are transferred from the ovaries into an egg bag or uterus (Sumeru, 1984).

At each stage of change, the nauplius instar undergoes moulting. Adult Artemia has a length of 8-10 mm marked by clearly visible eye stalks on both sides of the head, the antenna serves for sensory. In males, the antennae turn into a muscular grasper, a pair of penises located at the back of the body. In the female type, the antenna shrinks.

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